terrorism Essay -- essays research papers

Effects of terrorismTerrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or post to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or whatever segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. --FBI definitionOn Tuesday September 11th, 2001 our Nation was forever changed. Followingthe single largest terrorist approaching ever experienced by this country, thousands are dead or missing, tens of thousands of nation in this country know someone who was killed or injured, and many more than have witnessed or heard about the attack through the media. The have-to doe with of this magnitude of terrorist attack will affect people at tout ensemble levels of involvement victims, bereaved family members, booster shots, save workers, emergency medical and genial wellness care providers, witnesses to the event, volunteers, members of the media, the United States of America, and the entire World. Terrorism takes away a moxie of security and s afety at both the individual and community level, which set up society. It can challenge the natural need of humans for this world to be predictable, orderly and controllable. Studies have shown that deliberate violence creates longer lasting mental health effects than natural disasters or accidents.1 1 Scott, R., Brooks, N. & McKinlay, W. (1995). Post-traumatic morbidity in a civilian community A follow-up at 3 years. Journal of traumatic Stress, 8, p. 412.Consequences both for individuals and the community are prolonged, and survivors often intent that injustice has been done to them. This can lead to prejudice, petulance, frustration, helplessness, fear, and a strong go for for revenge. Acting on these feelings and need for revenge can increase feelings of anger and guilt, rather than decreasing them. Societys ability to naturally resume from traumatic events are strong.2 For people directly involved, fear, anxiety, re-experiencing, and urges to avoid, will gradually reduc tion over time. Research has shown that those who are most at risk for more severe traumatic stress reactions such as Post traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are those who have experienced the greatest magnitude of pic to the traumatic event, such as victims and their families.3 Many surviving rescue workers will also have direct relationships, or indirect exposure to those who are missing or killed, and will therefore be get by with ... ...th chemical or biological agents psychiatric aspects. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156.North, C., Nixon S., Shariat, S., Mallonee, S., McMillen, J., Spitzanagel, E., & Smith, E. (1999). psychiatrical disorders among survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282.Pfefferbaum, B., Nixon, S., Tucker, P., Tivis,R., Moore, V., Gurwitch, R., Pynoos, R., & Geis, H. (1999). Posttraumatic stress responses in bereaved children after the Oklahoma City bombing. Journal of the American academy Child and Adolesce nt Psychiatry, 38.Pfefferbaum, B., Gurwitch, R., McDonald, N., Leftwih, M.,Sconzo, G., Messenbaugh, A., Schultz, R. (2000). Posttraumatic stress among children after the death of a friend or acquaintance in a terrorist bombing. psychiatrical Services, 51.Smith, D., Christiansen, E., Vincent, R., & Hann, N. (1999). Population effects of the bombing of Oklahoma City. Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association, 92.Tucker, P., Dickson, W., Pfefferbaum, B., McDonald, N., & Allen, G. (1997). Traumatic reactions as predictors of posttraumatic stress six months after the Oklahoma City bombing. Psychiatric Services, 48.